Respiratory Illnesses on the Rise — Here’s Why

by Pavithra Mohan

Why Are Respiratory Illnesses Rising Again in China?

In early part of the year, China — especially northern areas like Beijing and Liaoning — has seen a sharp rise in respiratory illnesses, particularly among children. This has raised concern among both the public and health authorities. Two main reasons behind this surge are the seasonal shift into winter and what experts call an “immunity gap.”

What Is the Immunity Gap?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, strict safety measures like mask-wearing, social distancing, and lockdowns helped reduce the spread of not only COVID-19, but also other common viruses like the flu and cold viruses. While this kept many people safe during that time, it also meant that our bodies had less exposure to these germs, especially for young children who were growing up during the pandemic.

Now, three years after many of these measures have been lifted, we’re seeing a rebound in these viruses. This is particularly affecting children born during or after the pandemic who missed out on early exposure. Their immune systems haven’t had as much practice fighting off these infections, making them more vulnerable now.

Why Does Winter Make It Worse?

As China enters its winter season, colder temperatures mean people spend more time indoors, often in places that are not well-ventilated. This makes it easier for viruses to spread from person to person. Respiratory illnesses like the flu, RSV, and other viruses tend to peak during the colder months because of this.

Which Viruses Are Circulating Now?

Several viruses are contributing to the rise in respiratory illnesses:

• Mycoplasma pneumoniae – A bacterial infection mostly affecting children, which can cause anything from mild symptoms to pneumonia. Many cases are seen in children under 3 years old.
• Influenza (Flu) – Especially the A (H3N2) subtype, which tends to be more severe and is currently the most common strain.
• Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) – A virus that causes cold-like symptoms but can be serious for young children and the elderly. HMPV cases are on the rise across China.

What Are Health Authorities Doing?

The Chinese health authorities have taken several steps to manage the situation:

• Advising people with mild symptoms to go to local clinics instead of hospitals, to avoid overcrowding.
• Promoting good hygiene practices like frequent handwashing, wearing masks in crowded places, and improving indoor ventilation.
• Encouraging people to stay home if they feel unwell to prevent spreading illness to others.
• Urging those at risk — especially children, the elderly, and people with chronic conditions — to get vaccinated against the flu.

While there is currently no vaccine for some viruses like HMPV, getting the flu shot can still reduce the chances of severe illness and help ease pressure on hospitals.

In Summary

The recent rise in respiratory infections in China is due to a combination of colder weather, increased indoor gatherings, and a lingering immunity gap, especially in young children. Even though the pandemic ended a few years ago, its impact on immunity is still being felt in some age groups.

By following simple protective steps — like good hygiene, masking in crowded areas, and getting vaccinated — we can all help reduce the spread and protect those most at risk.