Some side effects have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination

From: https://vpha.org.vn/covid-19/mot-so-tac-dung-phu-duoc-bao-cao-sau-tiem-vaccine-covid-19.html

Vaccination is considered a proactive and effective disease prevention method, not only protecting yourself, but also your family and community. Facing the situation of the COVID-19 epidemic spreading rapidly throughout all provinces and cities, the Vietnamese government has deployed vaccination to prevent the disease since April 2021. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these Unvaccinated people are at least 10 times more likely to die from COVID-19 than vaccinated people. Besides the benefits, the COVID-19 vaccine also causes some side effects for the person being vaccinated. These side effects are counted and recorded by the US CDC’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and include:

• Anaphylactic shock after COVID-19 vaccination: Anaphylactic shock after COVID-19 vaccination is very rare. The incidence is about 5 cases per million doses of vaccine administered. ¹  Of the 66 reported cases of anaphylaxis to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at VAERS during the period from December 14, 2020 to January 18, 2021, there were 47 cases after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTec vaccine, 19 cases after vaccination with Moderna vaccine and there was no case of death due to anaphylactic shock. ² However, anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that can occur after receiving any vaccine, not just the Covid-19 vaccine.
• Death after COVID-19 vaccination: People vaccinated with COVID-19 are less likely to die from COVID-19 and its complications, and more likely to die from causes other than COVID-19. due to COVID is lower than unvaccinated people. ^3.4 Of the more than 557 million doses of Covid-19 vaccine administered in the United States from December 14, 2020 to March 14, 2022, VAERS has received 13,273 preliminary reports of deaths (0 .0024%) in people who received the Covid-19 vaccine. ⁵
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) after COVID-19 vaccination:  GBS is a rare disorder in which the body’s immune system damages nerve cells, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis . GBS is largely observed in people 50 years of age and older. According to data analyzed from the Vaccine Safety Data Link (VSD), the incidence of GBS in the first 21 days after J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccination was found to be 21 times higher than after vaccination. Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna (mRNA) COVID-19. After the first 42 days, the incidence of GBS was 11 times higher after vaccination with the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. The results of the analysis showed no increased risk of GBS after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines. ^first
• Myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination:  Myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination are also very rare cases. Most patients who develop myocarditis or pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination respond well to the medication and feel better quickly after resting. Most cases reported were after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines. However, these patients were only hospitalized for one day or less and none required intensive care. Both vaccines showed an increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in young men aged 18-39 years. The risk of myocarditis and pericarditis after Moderna vaccine is higher than after Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine within 0-7 days after vaccination. ⁶ Recommendation: To reduce the risk of myocarditis and pericarditis, the time between two doses of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine should be extended. ⁷  
• Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) after COVID-19 vaccination:   TTS is a rare but serious side effect that causes blood clots in large blood vessels along with thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Excessive absorption of clotting factors leads to risk of bleeding. TTS often occurs after vaccination with the J&J/Janssen Covid-19 vaccine. Most cases occurred in women and people under 50 years of age, and all cases required hospitalization. In the 2021 study by Isaac See and colleagues, the reported rate of TTS cases after J&J/Janssen vaccination was 3.83 per million doses administered, while the rate after mRNA vaccination was consistent with baseline rate of TTS (0.0085 per million administered doses). This analysis concludes that TTS is a rare but serious adverse event associated with J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccination. ⁸

In Vietnam, two side effects reported after COVID-19 vaccination are anaphylactic shock and death. It can occur in all subjects regardless of gender, age or the type of vaccine the subject uses. Some cases of critical anaphylactic shock have symptoms such as cyanosis, breathing disorders, confusion, coma, convulsions, circular muscle disorders, shock, rapid small pulse, and low blood pressure. These cases were promptly transferred to the intensive care units of hospitals so the patients gradually recovered, but there were also more severe cases that did not survive. Specifically, a 9th grade female student was recorded after receiving the Pfizer vaccine and 4 workers in Thanh Hoa after receiving the Vero Cell vaccine suffered anaphylactic shock, their health condition worsened and led to death. ^9 , 10  In addition, there was also a case of a 26-year-old man living in Hanoi who was determined to have died of unknown cause 39 hours after receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine. ¹¹  These subjects were all in normal health, were fully screened and counseled before injection, as well as monitored at the station for at least 30 minutes after injection according to regulations.

Serious complications after Covid-19 vaccination are very rare, while the benefits the vaccine brings are enormous. Therefore, every person needs to proactively get vaccinated against Covid to gain immunity to protect themselves as well as contribute to preventing the spread of disease in the community.

References:

1. Prevention CFDCa. Reported Adverse Events. 2023; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html#:~:text=Many%20people%20have%20reported%20side,away%20within%20a%20few%20days. Accessed January 2nd, 2024.
2. Shimabukuro TT, Cole M, Su JR. Reports of Anaphylaxis After Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in the US—December 14, 2020-January 18, 2021. JAMA. 2021;325(11):1101-1102.
3. Day B, Menschik D, Thompson D, et al. Reporting Rates for VAERS Death Reports Following COVID-19 Vaccination, December 14, 2020-November 17, 2021. medRxiv. 2022:2022.2005.2005.22274695.
4. Xu S, Huang R, Sy LS, et al. COVID-19 vaccination and non–COVID-19 mortality risk—seven integrated health care organizations, United States, December 14, 2020–July 31, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021;70(43):1520.
5. Hospital TA. CÁC PHẢN ỨNG NẶNG VÀ TÁC DỤNG PHỤ SAU TIÊM VẮC XIN COVID-19. 2022; https://tamanhhospital.vn/tac-dung-phu-sau-tiem-vac-xin-covid-19/.
6. Goddard K, Lewis N, Fireman B, et al. Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine. 2022;40(35):5153-5159.
7. Weintraub ES, Oster ME, Klein NP. Myocarditis or Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(6):e2218512-e2218512.
8. See I, Lale A, Marquez P, et al. Case series of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination—United States, December 2020 to August 2021. Annals of internal medicine. 2022;175(4):513-522.
9. Tuoitre.vn. Một học sinh ở Hà Nội tử vong sau 1 ngày tiêm vắc xin COVID-19. 2021; https://tuoitre.vn/mot-hoc-sinh-o-ha-noi-tu-vong-sau-1-ngay-tiem-vac-xin-covid-19-20211128205205645.htm.
10. VnExpress. Người thứ 4 tử vong sau tiêm vaccine ở Thanh Hóa. 2021; https://vnexpress.net/nguoi-thu-4-tu-vong-sau-tiem-vaccine-o-thanh-hoa-4394822.html.
11. Vietnamnet.vn. Thanh niên ở Hà Nội tử vong chưa rõ nguyên nhân sau tiêm vắc xin Covid-19. 2021; https://vietnamnet.vn/thanh-nien-o-ha-noi-tu-vong-chua-ro-nguyen-nhan-sau-tiem-vac-xin-covid-19-748167.html.